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Clinical Acronyms

This is a glossary of clinical abbreviations commonly used in patient records. Each practice and individual is free to have their own system of abbreviations which may be quite different from those listed here, and in the list below many abbreviations have more than one possible interpretation. Any abbreviation needs to be interpreted strictly in context, and while all attempts are made to ensure the accuracy of this glossary, neither the Society of Practising Veterinary Surgeons nor the site editor can accept any responsibility for any errors.

Practitioners may find this list useful when attempting to interpret clinical notes from unfamiliar colleagues such as locums and when cases are referred. Foreign graduates working in the UK may find it particularly useful and for this reasons terms are included that may seem extremely obvious.

Any suggestions for inclusion in this list would be very welcome (click here to email your suggestions) but the site editor's decision on what will or will not be included is final.


# fracture
A- inappetant
A/B antibiotic
AB antibiotic
abax abaxial
abc antibiotics
abd or abdo abdomen or abdominal
abd n abdomen palpated and no abnormality detected
abs or ABs antibiotics
abx antibiotics
AC anterior chamber (of the eye)
ADR ain't doing right
adv advise or advice
AG anal glands
AIHA auto-immune haemolytic anaemia
AON all others normal
asap as soon as possible
AWE acute wet eczema
ax axial
B booster
BAR bright and responsive, or bright, alert, responsive
BARH bright, alert, responsive, hydrated
bid twice daily
BifN back if necessary
BIOP been in owner's possession
BIW before if worried (as in revisit in 1 week or BIW)
bs or BS blood sample
BT blood test
B/W black and white
C cervical (vertebra - usually followed by a number to denote which one)
C cough
C+ moderate cough
C++ severe cough
C- no cough
CAH Chronic Active Hepatitis
caud caudal
CBA cat bite abscess
CBC complete blood count (= routine haematology)
Cc coccygeal (vertebra - usually followed by a number to denote which one)
CCHF chronic congestive heart failure
cd caudal
C7d recheck in 7 days
CDRM chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy
CDS cat and dog shelter
ce clinical examination
cep Ceporex
CHF congestive heart failure
CHF chronic heart failure
chq cheque
CKCS Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Co cough
COP cyclophosphamide/oncovin/prednisolone (chemotherapy protocol)
cr cranial
CRF chronic renal failure
CRI chronic renal insufficiency
CRI constant rate infusion
CRT capillary refill time
CS clinical signs
CS corticosteroids
C/S or C&S culture and sensitivity
CSK Chronic Superficial Keratitis (otherwise known as Pannus)
c-v or cv cardio-vascular
CVA cardiovascular accident
Cx coccygeal (vertebra - usually followed by a number to denote which one)
d days
D- diarrhoea absent or diminished
D+ diarrhoea
D++ drinking increased
D++ marked diarrhoea
D+++ severe diarrhoea
DBA dog bite abscess
DCM dilated cardiomyopathy
DD, DDx or DDxx differential diagnosis
D&D destroy and disposal
DHLPPi distemper, hepatitis, Leptospirosis, parvovirus and parainfluenza: dog vaccine covering these diseases
DI diabetes insipidus
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DJD Degenerative Joint Disease
DLH domestic long hair (non-pedigree cat)
DM diabetes mellitus
do days old (following a number)
D/O drain out (removal of surgical drain)
D/O dropped off (for treatment or examination)
DOA dead on arrival
dors dorsal
DSH domestic short hair (non-pedigree cat)
Dx diagnosis
E&A euthanasia and aftercare
EAG empty (or express) anal glands
EBT English Bull Terrier
E/D+ eating and drinking normally
EDUD eating, drinking, urinating and defaecating
EOD every other day
EPI exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
est estimate
e/t endo-tracheal
EUA examine under anaesthetic
euth euthanase
ex or ext external
e(x)d every (x) days
ex lap exploratory laparotomy
e(x)wks every (x) weeks
F female (see also Fe and Fn)
F1/4 forequarters
FAD flea allergic dermatitis
fat++ obese
FB foreign body
Fe female (entire)
FeLV feline leukaemia virus
FIA feline infectious anaemia (Haemobartonellosis)
Fin finish this treatment
FIP feline infectious peritonitis
FIV feline immunosuppressive virus
f/l or FL front legs
FLUTD feline lower urinary tract disease
FMD feline miliary dermatitis
Fn female (neutered)
FNA fine needle aspirate
FNAB fine needle aspirate biopsy
FQ fore quarters
FUBAR'd f****d up beyond all repair
FUO fever of unknown origin
FUS feline urological syndrome
ga or GA general anaesthetic
GDV gastric dilitation and volvulus
GORK God only really knows
GSD German Shepherd Dog
GSHP German Short-Haired Pointer
GSP German Short-haired Pointer
H1/4 hindquarters
H+ history
HAC hyperadrenocorticism
HBB hit by bullet
HBC hit by car
HBT hit by truck
HBTr hit by train
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCT haematocrit
HD hip dysplasia
HGE haemorrhagic gastro-enteritis
h/l or HL hind legs
HQ hind quarters
HR heart rate
hrs hours
HRS high rise syndrome (animal fell off balcony/windowsill)
H's Horner's syndrome
HX or Hx history
HyperT4 hyperthyroidism
HypoT4 hypothyroidism
I incisor (tooth - followed by a number to indicate which one)
ID identification or Identichip
i/d inter-digital
iid once a day
im or i/m intramuscular
IMHA immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia
impr improved: followed by a variable number of +'s to indicate degree of improvement
IMTP immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
inj inject or injection
int internal
IOL Intra Ocular Lens
IOP intra-ocular pressure
ip or i/p intra-peritoneal
iv or i/v intravenous
JAR "just ain't right"
jt joint
KC kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis)
KCS Kerato Conjunctivitis Sicca (otherwise known as Dry Eye)
L lumbar (vertebra - usually followed by a number to denote which one)
L left
LA left atrium
LA local anaesthetic
LAE left atrial enlargement
lat lateral
BD/LD big dog/little dog (re fight injuries)
LF left fore
LH left hind
LHD long haired domestic (non-pedigree cat)
LI large intestine
LIU Lens Induced Uveitis
LL left lower (eg. eyelid, lip)
ln lymph node/s
LTF learning to fly (animal fell off balcony or similar)
LU left upper (eg. eyelid, lip)
LV left ventricle
LVE left ventricular enlargement
M molar (tooth - followed by a number to indicate which one)
M male (see also Me and Mn)
manip manipulation
m/c metacarpal
MD myocardial disease
Me male (entire)
med medial
min minutes
mm or Mmb mucous membranes
Mn male (neutered)
mo months old (following a number)
MT mammary tumour
m/t metatarsal
MVA motor vehicle accident
N normal
NAD no abnormality detected (or detectable)
NAF no abnormal findings
nbg treatment not working
n def nerve deficit
NNTSA no need to see again
NOAD no other abnormality diagnosed
NOAF no other abnormal findings
no C/S/V/D no coughing, sneezing, vomiting or diarrhoea
NOS no other symptoms
NPO Nothing per os/nil per os
N/S next step
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSF no significant finding
nyd not yet diagnosed
O owner
OA osteoarthritis
OCD osteochondritis dissecans
OCNE off colour, not eating
OES Old English Sheepdog
O/F off food
OOH out of hours
op operate or operation
P pulse
palp palpate or palpation
PAN peri-arteritis nodosa
PBT Pit Bull Terrier
pcv packed cell volume (haematocrit)
PDA patent ductus arteriosis
PE physical examination
PPi parvovirus and parainfluenza: dog vaccine covering these diseases
PPP pretty poor prognosis
PM pre-molar (tooth - followed by a number to indicate which one)
PM post mortem
PTS put to sleep (euthanase)
PD polydipsia
pop popliteal (lymph node)
pred prednisolone
prn as needed (pro re nata - Latin)
prob probably or problem
PU/PD polyuria/polydipsia
PUO pyrexia of unknown origin
Px physical examination or physical examination findings
Px prognosis
q200 owner has been given an estimate of £200 for this procedure (q for quoted)
qid four times daily
QOL quality of life
R right
RA right atrium
RAE right atrial enlargement
rbc red blood cell
RC 1w recheck in 1 week
RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy
RDVM referring Dr Veterinary Medicine
Rex re-examine
RF right fore
RH right hind
RI re-examine/re-inspect
RI 7d return in 7 days
RL right lower (eg. eyelid, lip)
rMRCVS Referring MRCVS
R/O rule out
rost rostral
rpt repeat
rrm restricted range of movement, eg in a joint
rrr resting respiration rate
RS remove sutures
RTA road traffic accident
RU right upper (eg. eyelid, lip)
rv recheck
RV right ventricle
RVE right ventricular enlargement
Rx prescription or dispense
Rx re-examine
sc or s/c subcutaneous/subcuticular
SBI something bad inside, diagnosis of exclusion for ADR
SBT Staffordshire Bull Terrier
SHD short haired domestic (non-pedigree cat)
SI small intestine
SI self inflicted
SIBO small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
sid once daily
sig signalment
SIT self-inflicted trauma
s/m submandibular
Sn sneezing
S/O stitches (or staples) out
S&P scale and polish (of teeth)
sq subcutaneous
S/R suture removal
SS skin scrape
STO speak to owner
SWB salt water bathing
Sx surgery
T thoracic (vertebra - usually followed by a number to denote which one)
Tb tabby
Tb/W tabby and white
TGO to go home
tid three times daily
T-L thoraco-lumbar
TLI trypsin-like immunoreactivity
TMJ temporo-mandibular joint
Tn or TN temperature normal
TNT toenail trim
Tort tortoiseshell
Tort/W tortoiseshell and white
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TPR temperature, pulse and respiration
TPRn temperature, pulse and respiration all normal
TTO talked to owner
TWBC total white blood cells
twds towards
Tx treatment
U/A or UA urinalysis
UGA under general anaesthetic
ULA under local anaesthetic
URT upper respiratory tract
URTI upper respiratory tract infection
US urine sample
US or us ultrasound
UTI urinary tract infection
V- vomiting absent or diminished
V+ vomiting
V++ moderate vomiting
V+++ severe vomiting
vacc vaccinate or vaccine
V&D or V/D+ vomiting and diarrhoea
V/D - no vomiting, no diarrhoea
VMB very much better
vmi very much improved
wbc white blood cell
wmd white meat diet
WNL within normal limits
wo weeks old (following a number)
wt weight
wt!! overweight
x/60 x minutes
x/24 x hours
x/7 x days
x/52 x weeks
x/12 x months
xr or XR x-ray
yo years old (following a number)
 

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